Prefabricated building construction



P ,J. MULLER 2,255,511

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Patented Sept. 9,1941

UNlTED sTATEs- PATENT OFFICE John Muller, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application September 23, 1936, Serial No. 102,138

13 Claims.

My invention relates to new and improved structural units and methods of constructing a building of more than one story in height in which all of the structure is of pre-fabricated sections, although the separate portions thereof are useable in other locations.

The present invention is designed to produce .cheaply, structural units that will have insulating qualities as to sound and temperature, be moisture-proof, light in weight yet of the desired rigidity, capable of mass production, easy to handle, and simple to erect.

It is an object of my invention to mold light weight structural units complete in themselves and such that when assembled each unit will' interlock with another to form the walls and partitions of a building of more than one story in height and of the required strength and rigidity.

It is another object of my invention to produce a molded post or building strut unit complete in itself comprising a central coreor magnesium or magnesium alloy metal embedded in a magnesia cement mortar of desired thickness, and which may have its exposed surfaces finished in accorddesires, and in which the position of one or more of the units may be changed to suit requirements 'without disturbing the other units, and then re-locking the units in place.

A further object of my invention is to provide a molded unit in which two or more plastic substances of difierent textures and strengths may be used to give additional strength to the units at desired points.

[A still further object of my invention is to provide a molded hanging ceiling having desired acoustical properties and which can be readily attached and detached as required.

Other and additional objects and advantages i will appear as the following description proceeds in conjunction with the accompanyin drawings, illustrating one form of the novel features of construction and combination of parts of my invention, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a physical embodiment of my invention showing the first floor of a building with the end, side and center walls, flooring and room partitioning in place, and ready to receive a second and additional floor of similar construction.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken through post units of the building from the foundation to the roof showing the various floor, ceiling and roof units assembled to it, parts being broken away.

Fig. 2A illustrated an assembly at the peak of the roof of the house indicated in Fig. 2.

-Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross section looking downupon a post and adjoining wall units showing a means for locking the same in place.

Fig. .4 is a similar view as in Fig. 3 but illustrating one of the corner post units.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal cross section looking down upon so much of a wall unit to show a doonjamb mounted in place.

Fig. 6 is a partial vertical section through one portion of a building showing post units, both outside walls, and a center wall, and the mounting of floor units to said post units, partsbeing broken away.

Fig. '7 is, a fragmentary vertical section showing in detail the post unit and supporting'means for the floor units when the junction thereof occurs between posts.

Fig. 8 is an elevational view of a wall section showing post and wall units parts being shown in section to illustrate fastening means between the walls sections and the posts.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal cross section of a portion of a wall showing the mounting of a window frame, parts being broken away.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged longitudinal cross section through the floor or wall units showing means for fastening the units to each other.

Fig. .11 is a front elevation of the demountable Fig. 16-is an enlarged sectional detail showing demountable base boards mounted in place.

Figs, 1'? and 18 are cross sectional views, parts being broken away, showing means for mounting and upright posts or studs 1 I.

' ends of two side ceiling units.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged plan 'view of the clip portion of Fig. 19. f

Fig. 22 is an enlarged detail of a modified securing means for clamping adjacent wall sections together and locking them in place.

Fig. 23 is a plan view of a fioor unit, which is also typical, of a wall unit except for the inclusion of materials of two different textures.

Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 represents the first floor of a building assembled with my structural units and consists of front wall 10, rear wall I8, side walls 20, 22, center' wall 24, partitioning 26 and flooring 28. The walls are formed of a plurality of molded wall sections l2 These are shown in alternate relation, but it will be apparent from the following description that two or more wall sections may be mounted between each pair of posts. By way of example, a door l4 and a window I6 are shown mounted in the front wall.

As shown in Fig. 2 the floor units 28 of the ground floor are supported on the foundation 30. The floor unit 28, is provided with a surrounding metal frame 32 which may be of magnesium alloy metals, and is channeled on all sides as indicated at 34 for the reception of tongues 33 to support the same, as will be more fully described.

The frame 32 is of the desired depth for fiooring purposes and is filled with an insulating material 36 which imbeds the channel 34 except those end, portions 38 which support and locate ,oxide, eighty parts of magnesium chloride, and

an equal quantity of water, to which approximately thirty parts of powdered asbestos is added. Likewise the insulating material 38 may be made according to any desired formula. One material I have found satisfactory is made substituting sawdust for the excelsior in the above composition. Because of its finer ingredients a more dense mass is formed.

While wet both these mixtures are poured into the frame and spread out so as to fill the frame but not extend beyond the edges thereof. The

7 mixtures are then allowed to dry or set, in which condition each becomes a hard and solid mass with innumerable pores and air spaces, and the two are homogeneously united.

As shown in Fig. 23, there is also embedded in the insulation 36 a plurality of tubes 4| for receiving locking bolts 43. As shown in Fig. 10, each bolt screws into a nut 45 which may be welded in channel 34 and together with nut 41, applied to the opposite end of the bolt, secures and locks in place the adjacent floor unit.

The floor sections or units may be completed by surfacing one side with suitable material 42 for theceiling, and the other side with suitable material 44 for the fioor, these surface materials the posts I'I.

covering the frames and the insulating material to within the distance required for the setting of The floor surface 44 may have imbedded therein a wire mesh 46 to increase the resistance of the composition to shocks, etc. For covering the exposed surface of the ceiling I may use a mortar or plaster or cement, as it may be termed, similar to the mixture used with the excelsior except that in some instances additional powdered asbestos is used. The fioor surface 44 will be of desired thickness and strength and may be a composition of magnesium oxychloride cement, wood fiour, asbestos powder and color. The surface coverings 4244 will overlay the edges of the respective frames 32 so that when the floor units are assembled together a continuous surface is provided as indicated in Fig. 1. Of course, the floor surfaces 44 with the wire mesh 46 may be applied after the floor sections 28 have been locked in lace.

The various posts 11, of required height, are placed for support of the wall units and floor sections as shown in detail in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Each post consists of a channeled magnesiumalloy metal column 50 of H construction, except for legs 52 and 54 extending from the top and bottom of the column 50 respectively. As indicated at 55, the column 50 is embedded in a cement, which may be composed of 15 parts of magnesium oxide, 15 parts of chloride, 85 parts of pumice stone and a quantity of water suflicient to bring the mix to 20 Baum, and a wire mesh 64 may be imbedded in the composition. The cement 55 may be molded to whatever shape is desired for the post unit H, i. e., a corner post as shown in Fig. 4 or a side wall post as shown in Fig. 3. The post may be completed by surfacing the outside and the inside thereof as indicated at 66 and 68 and for this purpose I may 'use on the outside surface a cement of a mixture composed of 15 parts of magnesium oxide, 15 parts of magnesium chloride and parts of coral sand,-

pulverized quartz, or finely ground marble, or marble with color, and an equal quantity of water, and for the inside surface a cement-like mixture composed of eighty parts-of magnesium oxide, eighty parts of magnesium chloride, and an equal quantity of water, to which approximately thirty parts of powdered asbestos is added.

Plates 56 and 58 (Fig. 2) extend respectively across the top and bottom of post I1, including column 50, and inwardly from the legs 52 and 54. The plates may be welded to the exposed parts of the post before the plastic material is applied. Tongues 68 and 62 are attached to the respective plates by screws or the like, the tongues fitting into channels 40 molded in the portion 38 of the fioor units 28. The tongues 60 and 62 act as cross supports tying the post units l1 and the floor units 28 together.

The assembly of the outer walls and several floor sections may be accomplished as follows: The lower fioor sections 28 are rested or secured in place upon the foundation 30, a post I 1 is mounted in place with its leg 54 secured to the frame 32 of the floor unit and the tongue 60 in the groove 40 of the floor unit, while the plate 58 rests upon the frame 32; after the wall of the first floor of the house is assembled as hereinafter described, each fioor unit 28 for the second floor of the house is set in place and the upper leg of eachpost I1 is secured to the frame 32 of thenewly laid floor unit 28 with the tongue 62 engaging the lower groove 40 in that floor unit 28 for the second fioor of the house is put in place with the lower leg 54- thereof secured to the exposed frame 32 and the tongue 68 of its lower plate engaging the upper groove 48 in the second floor unit 28; after this wall for the second floor of the house is completed, additional floors may be built up as described, and finally the ceiling of the upper floor and the roof are assembled in place as will-be more fully described.

A method of assembling wall units I2 in position is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 8. Fig. 3 shows a portion of the method of locking the wall sections to a post unit Il. Vertical grooves 5| are molded on each side of the posts II, in which grooves are received tongues 53 that also flt in the side channels 34 of the surrounding frames 32 of the side wall units. The tongues 53 and all .the other positioning tongues hereinafter referred to wherever possible extend the full length, width or height of the building or so as to engage as many contiguous sections as possible.

Fig. 8 shows an additional method of securing the wall units to the post I1. As explained above, the wall units I2 have transverse tubes 4| extending thereacross, through which pass bolts 43, the screw-threaded end of which is received in an appropriate screw threaded hole in the column 58. The head I5 of each of these bolts 43 fits within and contacts the bottom of the channel 34 of the frame 32 of the wall unit. Embedded in the cement of the post are aligned transverse tubes II. Bolt I2 passes through tubes 18 and a registering hole in the H column 58 and screws into a nut I8 which is located in the channel 34 and welded thereto the frame 32 of the adjoining wall unit I2, the head 19 of the bolt 12 abutting the exposed edge of atube 18.

In cases where a number of wall units I2 are assembled together between posts II, the arrangement of Fig. 10, which relates specifically to floors, may be used. There the tubes 4| of each adjacent wall unit are offset or staggered with respect to those of the next adjacent wall unit. A nut 45 is welded to the base of the channei'portion 34 of the frame 32 in position to be in line with the opening of the tube 4| of the next adjacent wall unit and these'nuts receive one end of bolt 43, the heads 41 of each of these bolts being drawn down against the base of the channel 34 and being of a height that the base of the tributed, yet the sections may be readily assembled and disassembled.

Having described the several methods of interlocking the wall sections, one method of assembling the wall is to begin at a door opening shown in Fig. 5 with a post unit I'I, connect the several wall and post sections together until another door opening is reached, and continuing around the wall until the same is completed by the first door opening.

The door openings are covered by door jamb I which is provided with vertical channels I42 mating with the channels 8| of the post unit as described in connection with Fig. 3, the post and wall units are locked together as described in connection with Fig. 8 and the door jamb is fitted in place over the exposed heads I9 of the doors and over the tongues which fit into the channels El and I. With the door jamb'in place, the same is secured to the H column 58 (or the adjacent frame of a wall unit) by screws I43, the heads of which are counter-sunk in the door jamb and the screw threaded ends of which engage the H column (or the metallic frame) as shown in Fig. 5. In this manner the wall and post units are securely locked together after which the door jambs are fitted in place to cover the exposed parts. By removal of the door jamb a tongue 96 secured to plate 84 on the bottom of the post, the runners being covered with a metallic sheath I84.

After the flooring, side, end and center walls have been assembled and locked in place, and the desired number of floors of the building have been erected, the ceiling of the upper floor comprising sections I|4 (Fig. 2) are located in place.

channel 34 of the next adjacent wall unit will be engaged by the opposite side of the head 41.

In addition to the bolts, wooden tongues 33 are fitted into the meeting channel sections and, if desired, these runners may be secured in place by screws as shown in Fig.'18. In both the wall and floor units these tongues serve to equalize and distribute any load stresses on the units. Likewise, as shownin Fig. 10, if a plurality of wall or floor sections are arranged end to end, the adjacent cross channels 34 are fitted with tongues 85.

In order to distribute the load and prevent lateral movement of the fioor units'where the joint of two adjacent floor units occurs between posts, a T plate 84 (Fig. 7) having a tongue portion 86 fitting in the channels 34 of the frames 32 of the floor units 28 is screwed or bolted in place to the frames 32.

While by these several arrangements it is seen that the wall sections and the floor and ceiling sections are securely locked together with no opportunity to sag and with all loads equally dis- These sections may be of the same general construction as the fioor units, but the upper sur-' face thereof need not be finished off unless desired. These sections also are interlocked as above described. The anchoring to the posts is by means of a tongue 68 which fits in a channel portion has'a decorative molding or slab I28.se-

cured thereto, the molding extending above the of frames 32 of roof units I36, which may be c'onstructedand interlocked in the same general way as the side wall and floor units. The described mounting is for a peaked roof.

At th peak I3I (Fig. 2A) of roof units I36 is mounted ridge piece I33 having faces I35 arranged at right angles to the slant of the roof.

Angle plate I31 having tongue I39 on one leg thereof is secured to the lower faces of ridge piece I33, the tongue I39 fitting into adjacent channels 34 of the frames of the roof units I36, and the other leg of the angle plate I91 supporting the underside of the roof unit.

Secured to an H shaped column I38 (which need not.be molded in cement) are a pair of angles I43 which support and lock in place the upper ends of the roof units I36 by being secured to the exposed leg of angle plate I31, and also by bolt I41 passing through the units I36, the angles I31 and I43. The bottom end of column I38 may be similar in construction and mounting to center post 88 (Fig. 6).

In addition to the foregoing, tie rods I49 may be secured to plates I28 by the bolts I26 to prevent any lateral movement taking place in the roof assembly.

As shown in Fig. 2, the molding I20 with the upright side of the angle I28 forms a gutter I22. The gutter may be lined with metal as indicated at I40, which may be the metal normally used for the flashing about roof joints.

The unfinished spaces which occur where the floor sections are joined to the post and wall sections, may be finished off with decorative molding as indicated at 2, or the same material as is used to finish off the outer surfaces of the wall sections may b filled into the spaces by hand trowelling.

One method of mounting the window jambs or frames is indicated in Fig. 9, which shows two of the posts I1 alongside the window opening I46. These posts have the vertical grooves as heretofore described. The window jamb I41 is constructed with a projecting flange I48 on each side thereof, which flanges are adapted to fit into the vertical grooves 5| when the jambv is slid in place with the frame against the sides of the window opening I46. 4 Any of the cement mixtures referred to above, except the one employing excelsior, may be poured and tamped into the vertical grooves 5| around the flanges I48 to cement the window jamb in place. A window frame indicated at I49 of any usual and ordinary construction may be mounted in the window jamb I41.

If the window opening occurs between adjacent wall sections I2, the channels 34 of the frames 32 take the place of the vertical grooves 5I.

In Figs. 11, 12 and 13 is shown in detail the novel method of the arrangement and the looking of my detachable wall sections shown as partitioning 26 in Fig. 1 and which may be used as partitioning for rooms, halls, offices, and the like, in any existing building. In constructing my wall partitioning sections the frames of alternate sections I50 are provided with locking means and the alternate sections I52 with lock receiving means. As shown in Fig. 13, the locking section I50 has a surrounding metal frame the sides of which are tapered as shown at I54 and have complementary flanged portions I56 and I58 with the flanges spaced apart forming tubular channels I60 therebetween for receiving locking bars I6I, which are free to turn therein, and which extend approximately within onethird of the top of the wall section. At predetermined places the channels of the frame I 54 are cut out as indicated at I64 (Figs, 12 and 13) to allow for the protrusion of hooks I66 on locking bars I6I.

Theadjoining partition sections I52 are pro vided with a surrounding metallic frame, the sides of which are tapered as indicated at I51 and have an oifset with the offset formed to mate with the offset formed in the section I50 by the provision of the channel I60. Opposite each of the hooks I66 the frame I51 is slotted at I59 to permit the entrance of the hooks I66. Behind each of the slotted portions is fitted a metallic lined pocket I63 of a sufficient size and shape to permit the free movement of the hook I66 therein as the bar I6I is turned to lock and unlock the sections. On the interior of the frame there is mounted a semi-circular ledge or bar I65 which is positioned to be engaged by the hook I66 when the partition sections are locked together, the hook being of such a shape that as the bar is turned to cause the hook to engage the ledge, there is a cam-like action to force the sections into tightly locked connection.

The locking bars I6I are turned to lock and unlock the sections by the following arrangement: Beneath each partition section is provided a transverse pocket I10, as in all wall sections, for the reception of wiring cables, pipes, etc. The bar IBI terminates in pocket I10. At the bottom lock bar I6I is undercut at "I below which is a hexagonal end I12. secured at the base of the partition and is provided with a cutout portion I16 of a shape to set over and correspond with the hexagonal end I12, to prevent the bar from turning. To turn the locking bar I6I the spring I14 is compressed so that the cutout portion registers with undercut I1I in which position the locking bar can be turned freely. When the bar is turned to the locked or unlocked position the spring is released and the cutout portion again fits over the end I12.

The partition sections I50 and I52 may be provided with cross bracing bars I85 that are welded in place.

The partition sections are supported upon studs I86 having parts I81 and I88 at right angles thereto and respectively provided with channels I89 and I90. The upper channel I89 engages with the channel I82. The channel I fits in the groove between two spaced-apart parallel runners I92 and I94 which are secured to the floor. The runners I86 and I88 may be metal encased if desired. The mounting of thev partition sections upon the studs provides the chamber I10 referred to above.

At the ceiling a pair of parallel runners I96 and I98 are secured in place upon the ceiling with a space therebetween. Into this space there projects a series of bars 200, these bars being housed in the upper portions of the channels I60 for the locking bars IBI. The bars are held in their upwardly projecting position between the runners I96 and I98 by means of a coiled spring 202 which engages the lower end of each bar 200 and the upper end of the corresponding bar I6I. The side frame I54 is provided with an elongated slot 204 (Fig. 12) and the bar 200 has a hole 206 therein for the reception of a tool whereby the bar may be moved to compress the spring to remove the bar 200 from between the runners I96 and I98 whenever it is desired to assemble or disassemble the partition wall. A molding 208 may be mounted at the ceiling on the outside of the runnersl96 and I98, if desired.

The space I10 is adapted to be closed by baseboards 2I0 which may be readily detached by simple outward pull, the arrangement for this A spring I14 is.

purpose being shown in detail in Figs. 14, 15 and 16. The baseboard 218 has mounted thereon upper and lower notched spring members 2l2 and 214 respectively adapted tohave the notched portion thereof engage with the channel I82 in the frame member I88 and the groove between the lower runners I92 and I94. One method of mounting the spring members 212 and 214 of the baseboard is to secure the same to a plate 2l6 which fits into a tapered groove 218 in the rear face of the baseboard, as shown in Fig. 16.

In Figs. 17 to 21 inclusive I have shown a method of mounting a hanging ceiling which may be used both in the fabricated style of house referred to above or in any existing room where it is desired to install the same as for example in installing a sound-proof ceiling, or where it is desired to cover exposed pipes, wiring, and the like.

A central ceiling section 242 is provided with a surrounding metallic frame, the sides 244 of which are tapered and provided with projecting oifsets 246 and 248, as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Secured to the frame 244 on each side are a plurality of straps 258 which in turn are removably secured to depending brackets 252 that are secured to the ceiling in any suitable manner.

A second ceiling-section is indicated at 254 which section also has a surrounding metallic frame. On one side the metallic frame is fiat as indicated at 256 and at the other side the frame is tapered and provided with a projecting offset 258. The frames are filled with sound. deadening material for example, such as the magnesia plastic cement composition referred to above in which excelsior is an ingredient as indicated at 268, and this material may be provided with a surfac coating 262 also of sound deadening character, such as the formula above in which sawdust is substituted for the excelsior. Instead of the smooth surface coating 262 a perforated covering 263may be used, as indicated in Fig. 18. These fillings are by way of example andas in connection with the wall and floor sections the surface coating extends over the edges of the surrounding metallic frames. There is mounted along each of the side walls, or beam, supporting angle brackets 264 When the ceiling of Figs. 17 and 18 is to be mounted in place, the central section 242 is first secured in place after which a section 254 is mounted in place so that the side thereof having the flat frame portion fits against the wall and rests upon the angle bracket 264 and with its projecting oifset 258 resting upon the projecting offset 246. The weight of the section and the tapered side frame insures the tight fitting and proper aligning of the two ceiling sections. Another ceiling section 254 is similarly mounted on the opposite side of the central section 242 with its projecting ledge 258 engaging the projecting offset 248 of the central section 242.

In the illustration just described it is assumed that the space between a wall and a cross beam, or between beams, or between walls, can be spanned by three ceiling sections, although it will be imderstood that by constructing the frames of sections 254 on each side with stepped or oflset portions and alternating the sections 242 and 254, a .ceiling maybe composed of any mnnber of sections.

together, in which event the arrangements shown in Figs. 19 to 21 inclusive may be used. ,As will frames 268 and 218 are provided a plurality of pockets 214 for the reception of clips 216 which are shaped to fitover the meeting surfaces of the frames of the respective sections, including the channeled portions.

- In Fig. 20 is shown the meeting ends 218 of the 7 side sections 288 which correspond to the sidesections 254 of the construction described in Figs. '17 and 18 in the arrangement where it becomes necessary to provide a plurality of ceiling sections end-to-end. v

In Fig. 22 there is shown a modified arrangement for clamping the various sections together, replacing the bolts. In this figure two adjoining wall sections 282 and 284 are shown with their respective channeled frames 286. Each section has imbedded in the plastic material one or more transverse tubes 288 which extend between the channeled portions of the frame. The frames have apertures 298 which register with the tubes but which are of smaller dimensions. A clamping bolt 292 screw threaded at one .end has mounted thereon a block 294 to which is pivotally mounted a pair of fingers 296 that are normally spring pressed apart. A plate 298 is also adjustably mounted upon the screw threaded position of the bolt 292. A coiled spring 388 engages the plate at one end and a fixed collar 382 at the other end. When the wall sections are assembled in place, a clamp is inserted through the several registering holes 298 until the fingers pass through'beyond the frame 296 of the adjoining.

section in which position the fingers 296 will spread apart beyond the opening 298. The bolt 292 is then turned until the sections are firmly clamped together under the tension of the spring 888.

In the foregoing various compositions of plastic materials have been suggested by way of example but it is to be understood that thesecompositions may be varied, or other materials may I be substituted.

.In cases where the length of the room makes it impractical to have a suspended section of that From the foregoing it will be seen that I' have provided in detail a house which may be constructed to have more than one'fioor, yet the house is constructed of pre-fabricated parts which may be produced in quantity at a factory and shipped to the location of the house, the

whole may be readily assembled and dis-assembled, partitions may be 'readily arranged therein and shifted to new locations therein at :the will of the owner, the house is sound-proofed and .temp'er'ature-proofed, and the whole comprises a strong, sturdy construction with all the parts thoroughly and securely locked together, and all the loads and stresses evenly and widely distributed.

Modifications may be made in the arrangement and location of parts within the spirit and scope of my invention, and such modifications are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A prefabricated building of more than one floor in height each floor comprising outer walls having a plurality of pre-cast posts formed with vertically extending grooves and horizontalprojecting tongues, a plurality of pro-cast vertically disposed wall sections each having a surrounding channeled frame, the posts and wall sections.

abutting each other with the vertical grooves and the channels of the adjacent frames registering, tongues fitting in the registered grooves and channels, fiooring and ceiling supported upon said posts and comprising a plurality of pre-cast sections each provided across at the ends thereof with horizontally extending grooves, the sections overlapping the posts and vertical wall sections with the grooves of the floor sections receiving the projecting tongues of the posts and also registering with the abutting channels of the frames of the vertical wall sections, and tongues fitting between the registering grooves and wall channels to securely join together the walls and floor and ceiling sections with posts.

2. A complete building of more than one fioor in height and composed substantially entirely of prefabricated parts, each floor comprising outer walls formed of a plurality of pre-cast vertical posts and pre-cast wall sections abutting each other, means for interlocking the posts and wall sections together and carried thereby, an intermediate vertical wall comprising a plurality of pre-cast posts and pre-cast vertical wall sections assembled together and means for interlockin the posts and wall sections together, flooring and a ceiling units each comprising a plurality of pre-cast sections, and means for interlocking the sections together, these units abutting the assembled posts and vertical wall sections, separate means for interlocking the flooring and ceiling sections to the assembled outer and intermediate walls, a roof composed of a plurality of pre-cast sections and means for interlocking the sections together into a unit, and means for mounting the roof unit upon the uppermost of said walls.

3. A wall comprising a plurality of pre-cast sections composed of hardenable plastic material, each section having a plurality of transverse tubes embedded in the plastic material, nuts mounted on the sides of each section adjacent to but offset from the tubes, the sections being assembled together with the tubes of one section in alignment with the nuts of the next adjacent section, and bolts passing through the tubes of one section and engaging the nuts of the next adjacent section whereby the sections are securely bolted together.

4. A readily assembled and disassembled wall for use in buildings, the wall comprising a plurality of preformed sections of the requisite height, each section having a frame provided with offset side portions and filled with a hardenable plastic material, the offsets of alternate sections being complementary, each alternate section having a turnable rod mounted upon the frame along each side thereof, each rod having a plurality of clamping hooks mounted therealong, openings in the frame through which said hooks project, alternate sections having a clamping bar fast on the interior of the frame along each side thereof, pockets in each side of said section through which said hooks move when the aforesaid alternate sections are assembled together, the hooks being movable to a position to engage the bars to securely clamp the sections together, the turnable rods projecting below the frame, means below the frame for holding the rods in adjusted position, means for mounting the frames above the floor, other means for maintaining the upper end of said wall in place, and including an element projecting from the sections of the wall, and a baseboard for closing the opening below the frames.

5. A complete building composed entirely of prefabricated parts, and comprising outer walls formed of a plurality of pre-cast studs and corner posts and pre-cast wall sections, each stud and post having a central metallic member with a surrounding hardenable magnesia cement composition body and vertically extending grooves in said cement body, each wall section having a surrounding channeled metallic frame and a hardenable magnesia cement composition filling therein, the posts and wall sections abutting each other with the vertical grooves and the channels of the adjacent frames registering, tongues fitting between and extending into the registered grooves and channels to interlock the sections and postsand means joining the central metallic members andthe adjacent metallic frames for securing the posts and wall sections together from sidewise movement.

6. A complete building composed substantially entirely of prefabricated parts, comprising outer walls formed of a plurality of pre-cast studs, corner posts, vertical wall sections, and floor and ceiling units assembled together, each stud and post having a central metallic member and a hardenable magnesia cement composition body with the ends 'of the metallic member projecting at the top and bottom of the studs and posts and also a tongue extending from side to side across the top and bottom of each post and stud, means for fastening the pre-cast vertical wall sections to the sides of the studs and posts to form a vertical wall, each floor and ceiling unit comprising a plurality of sections each having a surrounding channelled metallic frame and a hardenable magnesia cement composition filling therein, the sections abutting each other with the channels in adjacent frames registering, and tongues fitting the registering channels to form a unitary floor and ceiling unit, means providing grooves in the floor and ceiling unit, the unit being positioned with the grooves fitting the tongues on the tops and bottoms of the studs and posts and adjacent the projecting ends of the metallic members of the posts and studs, and means for fastening the fioor and ceiling units to said projecting portions.

7. A building constructed of prefabricated parts and comprising pre-cast corner posts, studs and wall sections, the wall sections abutting each other and the posts and studs, each stud and post having a central metallic member and a surrounding body of hardenable plastic composition, each wall section comprising a surrounding metallic frame having openings in opposite sides thereof and a hardenable plastic composition filling for said frame, one or more tubes embedded in said'filling and registering with opposite holes in the frame, bolts extending through said tubes, and means carried by the frames and engaged by said bolts to join adjacent frames together, the

bolts of the sections abutting the posts and studs being secured to the central members thereof to complete'the wall.

8. A building of more than one floor in height composed almost entirely of prefabricated parts, each fioor comprising outer walls formed of a plurality of pre-cast abutting studs, posts, floor and ceiling units, and wall sections assembled together; each stud and post comprising a metallic member, a hardenable plastic composition body with portions of the metallic member projecting outside the body at the top and bottom, and portions of interlocks carried by said body; each wall section comprising a surrounding metallic frame, a hardenable plastic composition filling therefor, horizontally disposed tubes embedded in the plastic composition and accessible through opposite sides of the frame, and portions of interlocks also carried by said sections; means for completing the adjacent interlocksof the studs, posts and wall sections when abutting each other, bolts passing through said tubes and secured in the frames of adjacent wall sections, or the metallic members of adjacent studs and posts; each flooring and ceiling unit comprising a plurality of sections each having a surrounding metallic frame, a hardenable plastic composition filling therefor, horizontally disposed tubes embedded in the plastic composition and accessible through opposite sides of said frames, and a portion of an interlock carried by each frame, the sections being assembled with the frames abutting, means for completing the interlocks between the adjacent sections when assembled together, and bolts passing through said tubesand secured in the frame of the adjacent section to also secure the adjacent sections together; means for interlocking together the outer walls and floor and ceiling units; and a roof supported upon the uppermost wall, said roof comprising a plurality of sections each surrounded by a metallic frame a hardenable plastic composition filling therefor, the sections being assembled together with the frames abutting, and means for interlocking the sections when assembled together; and means for securing the roof in place upon said walls.

9. A readily assembled and disassembled wall for buildings composed of a plurality of sections, eachhaving a surrounding frame filled with a hardenable plastic material, and 'means for detachably locking the sections together so that any section of the wall may be removed or replaced without disassembling the entire wall,

alternate sections carrying movable clamping means and alternate sections carrying means engaged by said clamping means to lock the sections together when the sections are assembled in place, and a rod extending outside of pleting the interlocks to securely fasten the posts and wall sections together into unitary walls, flooring and ceiling comprising a plurality of precast sections each carrying a portion of an interlock at each side thereof, means for completing the latter interlocks to securely fasten the sections together into a unitary floor and ceiling, means upon said posts for supporting the unitary floor and ceiling thereupon and securing the same to the posts, a plurality of pre-cast sections each carrying a portion'of an interlock at each side thereof, means for completing the latter interlocks to securely fasten the sections together into a unitary roof, and means for supporting the unitary roof with said posts and securing the same thereto.

11. In a building construction, a continuous wall constructed of a plurality of abutting and aligned pre-cast posts and pre-cast wall sections respectively provided with registering vertical grooves on the abutting faces, a Window jamb fitting between and having a shoulder portion abutting certain ofthe posts and wall sections and also having outwardly projecting flanges at the sides thereof engaging in the .adjacent vertical groves, means securing the flanges in place in the grooves, and means engaging the registering grooves to secure the posts, wall sections and window jamb together.

12. In a building construction, a continuouswall constructed of a plurality of abutting and aligned pre-cast posts and pre-cast wall sections, a door jamb fitting between and abutting certain of the aligned posts and wall sections, the jamb having inwardly projecting side portions extending into mating openings in the abutting posts and wall sections and also having a portion overlying the abutting face of the post and wall section, means carried by the frame toaid in positioning the jamb, means securing the jamb to the adjacent post and wall sections, and means for interlocking the abutting posts and wall sections to secure the posts, wall-sections and door jamb together.

13. A readily assembled and dis-assembled wall for buildings composed of a plurality of wall sections each having a surrounding frame in which is a hardenable plastic material, engageable means carried at each side of alternate sections, movable clamping means carried at each side of alternate sections, said wall. sections being mounted side by side and abutting each other with the sections being alternately arranged, the

movable clamping means being operable to engage the engageable means to lock the sections together, the clamping means and engageable means being so constructed and arranged that any section of the wall may be removed or replaced without dis-assembling the entire wall.

JOHN MULLER. 

